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The Holy Prophet (s) performed Hajj before his death and this Hajj is known as Hajjatul Wida. The Holy Prophet (s) announced to perform Hajj after completing the responsibility of calling and propagating Islam in the world before his death. On his announcement of Hajj, Muslims from all over came together. On Saturday 26th Zulqadah 10 Hijri, he left Madinah after the Zuhr prayer. They reached Zul-Hulaifah before Asr prayer. After reaching there, he offered two rakats of Asr prayer and spent the night there.
In the morning, the Holy Prophet said,
"A visitor came tonight from my Lord and he asked to offer prayer in this sacred valley and said 'Umrah is included in Hajj.''
The next day before the Zuhr prayer, the Holy Prophet () took a bath, put perfume on his head and body. Then he tied an apron, put on a chadar (Sheet) and prayed two rakats of Zuhr prayer. The Holy Prophet (s) performed the prayer for both Hajj and Umrah. Put on Ihram together (Putting on Ihram together for Hajj and Umrah is called Hajj Quran) and read Talbiyah. Then he got up from the prayer and rode on a camel, then again recited Talbiyah.
After a week's journey, he reached near Makkah, and in ZiTawa, he spent the night there Holy Prophet and offered Fajr there and took bath. Then he entered Masjid al-Haram. He circumambulated Baytullah and then did Sa'ee of Safa and Marwah. Then he entered 'Hajoon' near upper Makkah but did not circumambulate again however, Ihram was maintained because the Holy Prophet ) had combined the respect of Hajj and Umrah and the reason for this was that the ( Jesus) had brought Hadee (sacrificial animal) with him. Then he left for Mina on 8th of Zilhaj. In Mina, the Holy Prophet offered Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and prayers and the next day Fajr prayer (total five prayers) and also offered two rakats out of four rakats by offering Qasar.
After the sun rose, He (s) left Mina and arrived at Arafaat. There was a tent set up for the Holy Prophet in the Valley of Nimra. He took rest there. When the sun set, the Holy Prophet rode the camel and came to Urna valley. The people were gathered around him. The Holy Prophet (s) stood among them and gave a sermon, said the words of testimony and the praise of Allah, commanded them to fear Allah and delivered the sermon in which special emphasis was given to fulfill the rights of Allah as well as the human rights,
The Messenger of Allah (s) said:
"All of you are the offsprings of Adam and Adam () was made from clay, no Arab over a non-Arab and a non-Arab over an Arab, no black over a white and a white over a black has superiority except piety."
He emphasized on the protection of each other's life, wealth and honor.
He(s) said,
"All the affairs of the period of ignorance have been trampled under my feet."
The Holy Prophet (s) declared the end of the rituals of the period of ignorance. In this regard, he waived off the interest of his uncle Hazrat Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, and said to the people that you should fear Allah regarding women and fulfil their rights. He (s) also emphasized on good behavior towards the oppressed sections of the society.
The Holy Prophet () also said,
''I am leaving behind two things for you, If you hold firmly to them, you will never go astray. They are the Book of Allah and my Sunnah. ''
The Holy Prophet (s) also said,
"You will be asked about me (on the Day of Resurrection) and then what will you say?"
The companions of the Holy Prophet (s) said,
"We bear witness that you have conveyed the message of Allah indeed fulfilled the right of Risalat and had been a well-wisher of Ummah."
Then He (s) raised his index finger and said,
Translation:
''O Allah! Be witness, O Allah! Be witness, O Allah! Be witness.''
He explained the principles of Islam in his sermon and asked the audience and other Muslims to convey them to others. During the Waqf of Arafa, this blessed verse was revealed:
اَلْيَوْمَ اكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الإسْلامَ دِينًا
Translation:
''Today, I have perfected your religion for you, and have completed My blessing upon you, and choosen Islam as Din (religion and a way of life) for you. ''(Surah Al-Ma'idah: 3)
The Prophet (s) used to send his Companions (W) from time to time to improve the situation in Yemen. Before Hajjatul Wida, the Prophet (s) sent Hazrat Ali al-Murtaza (R.A) to Yemen with three hundred (300) horsemen in Ramadan 10 Hijri before the Hajj, and give instructions not to take the initiative in fighting, command to pray if obeyed, ask them to pay Zakat and tell them that fasting is compulsory every year and performing Hajj is compulsory once in a lifetime. At the time of departure,
He (s) prayed for Hazrat Ali (R.A) and said:
"May Allah guide your heart and keep your tongue firm." (Sunan Abi Dawood: 3582)
Hazrat Ali(R.A), went to Yemen. He invited the people there, many people accepted the invitation to Islam, even a whole tribe Hamdan entered the circle of Islam. When Holy Prophet ) was informed about this, he was very happy. After that, Hazrat Ali Al-Murtaza (R.A) came to Makkah with his companions from Yemen and accompanied Hazrat Muhammad and performed Hajj.
On his return from Hajj, many people complained to the Holy Prophet (s) about the administrative decisions of Hazrat Ali(a). So, while returning from Hajj, at Ghadir- e-Kham (the place from where the pilgrims return to their respective areas) the Holy Prophet delivered a sermon in front of his Companions in which he said while describing the excellence of Hazrat Ali:
فَمَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلَاهُ فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلَاهُ، اللّهُمَّ وَالِ مَنْ وَالَاهُ، وَعَادِ مَنْ عَادَاهُ
Translation:
Whom I am a friend, Ali is also his friend, O Allah! befriend that man, who befriends Ali, and whoever has enmity with him, then keep an enmity with him. (Musnad Ahmad: 12306)
We can ascertain from this that Hazrat Ali (4) is the nearest and dearest to both Allah and His Prophet (s). To have a relationship of love with them is a requirement of faith and to have hatred or malice towards them is against faith.
